Hydrocarbon-burner.



N0. 634,487. Patented Oct. I5, 190|. F. H. WHITE.

HYDBUCARBON BURNER.

(Application led Jan. 5, 1901.) (No Model.) ZSheBtS-Shee Il.

43 .Bf 2g, 'y cdc ma Nonms Eriks co. Naro-mwa.. wnsnlwaram n. c.

Patented Oct. I5, I90l. F. R. WHITE. HYDROCRBON' BURNER.

(Application led Jan. 5, 1901.)

2 Shets-Sheef 2.

(No Model.)

Tn: Nonms PETERS co., wom-m UNITED STATES PATENT @Fluent FREDERICK R. Wl-IITE, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS.

HYDROCARBON-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 684,487, dated October 15, 1901. Application filed January 5, 1901. Serial No. 42,162. (No model.)

To all whom it may concer-n:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK R. WHITE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Lynn, in the county of Essex and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in I-Iydrocarbon-Burners, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like letters on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention has for its object the production of an improved apparatus for burning hydrocarbon oils' whereby a pure fixed gas is first obtained from the Vaporized hydrocarbon, the pressure of such gas at the burner or point of ignition being practically uniform irrespective of the quantity which is permitted to pass to the burner, thus insuring a steady and perfect combustion at all limes and under all circumstances.

In the practical embodiment of my invention I first vaporize the liquid hydrocarbon and conduct the vapor to a superheater or gasitier, whereby the vapor is transferred into a fixed gas, a pervious resistance being interposed between the vaporizer and gasifier to increase the pressure of the vapor before it enters the gasifier. From the latter the gas is admitted to a novel form of air-chamber, at which point the requisite quantity of air is drawn in and mingles with the gas, the air and gas then passing to a mixer, in which they are thoroughly and' most intimately mixed,v after which such combustible mixture is admitted to the burner or burners.

The apparatus embodying my invention is very simple, durable, and quickly and easily controlled in its operation, and the construction is such that the parts may b e easily taken apart for cleaning, dac

Various novel features of my invention will be hereinafter described, and particularly pointed out in the following claims.

Figure l is a top or plan view of one form of hydrocarbon-burner embodyingrny invention, the drawing being partly broken out to show internal construction. Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional View thereof on the line c Fig. l, showing the burner as applied to the combustion-chamber of a steam-boiler. Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional detail showing the pervious resistance or retarder between the vaporizer and gasilier and the controlling valve for the latter. Fig. e is an enlarged detail, to be referred to, of the individual adjusting means for the valve-operating mechanism. Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional detail, to be referred to, of the connection at the inlet end ofthe vaporizer. Fig. Gis an enlarged longitudinal horizontal section on the irregular line 20c2,Fig. 3,0fa portion of the valveiactuat` ing mechanism looking upward,the valve-con trolling rod being shown in elevation. Fig. 7 is a transverse section taken on the line y y, Fig. l, looking toward the left to show the cross-brace B5 and the relative positions of the brace, the burnertubes, and the vapo; rizer, the parts at the left of the cross-brace, viewing Fig. l, being omitted for the sake of clearness. Fig. S is a similar sectional View on the line y y', Fig. l, also looking toward the left, but not extending entirely across the apparatus; and Fig. 9 is a perspective detail of a portion of the chamber D2, to be hereinafter referred to.

I have herein shown the burner as including a plurality of units, and as the latter are alike only one will be hereinafter described in detail, it being understood that the operation of the burner is the same whether one or many units are employed, the capacity ofthe apparatus being of course increased by the addition of units.

In general form the burner is shown as rectangular, (see Fig. 1,) and in Fig. 2 I have shown a part of the shell A of a vertical boiler extended downwardly at A to form a combustion-chamber OX, in which the burner is mounted, the crown-sheet A2, in which the lower ends of the tlues A3 are secured, forming the top of such chamber.

A common distributerB is shown in Fig. 1 as extended the width of the burner, at one end thereof, supported on suitable brackets A4, Fig. 2, secured to the wall A of the combustion-chamber and attached to or forming part of the distributer, and communicating therewith are a series of mixing-chambers M, one for each unit, said chambers being herein shown as cylindrical and headed at their outer ends, as at mx. By means of hollow nipples b, Fig. l, burner-tubes B B2 communicate with and are attached to the distributer B, said tubes being arranged in parallelism and IOO having suitable burner-openings bx therein, herein shown as saw-cuts. The tubes B eX- tend from one to the other end of the burner, and at their ends opposite the distributer I have shown them as connected by nipples or couplings b with headers B3, the latter being also connected with the adjacent ends of the tubes B2, which extend only part way toward the distributer and are close-d at their free ends.

The arrangement of the burner-tubes is such lthat each unit of the apparatus will include two of the shorter tubes B2, arranged adjacent and on opposite sides of the vaporizer, to be described, and two of the long tubes B beyond the shorter tubes, the latter communicating with an intermediate adjacent tube B' by a header.

While I have shown separate headers, it will be manifest that a common header for the series of burner-tubes could be used, though for convenience inconstruction I prefer the separate arrangement.

Brackets A support the headers, and the latter are secured to a cross-brace B4, while an inner cross-brace B5 is secured to the inner ends of the short burner-tubes, said brace being shown in Figs. l and 7 as resting upon the long tubes B at the extreme sides of the apparatus and notched at 300, Fig. 7, to straddle the interior tubes B'. The proper mixture of hydrocarbon gas and air passes from the distributer B to the burner-tubes B', thence to the headers, and therefrom to the burner-tubes B2 and is ignited at the openings bx. The tubes B2 are made shorter than the tube B in order to provide space for the insertion of the means for superheating the gasitier of each unit, the length of the short tubes corresponding substantially with the length of the vaporizers.

I will now describe the construction and operation of the vaporizer, gasitier, air-chamber, and mixer of a unit of the burner, this part of -my invention being of particular importance and value, as thereupon depends the success and effectiveness of the burner.

The vaporizer is shown as a tube V, internally threaded at its inner end at fu (see Figs. 2 and 3) to receive the threaded boss c of a coupling C, an opposite boss c being screwed into the preferably polygonal head g of a tube G, forming the g'asifier or superheater, a longitudinal bore 2 through the bosses establishing continuous communication between the vaporizer and gasitier, and in Figs. 3 and 6 the bore is shown as enlarged to form a chamber cX Within the coupling C for a purpose to be described. The outer end of the vaporizer is provided with a coupling V', communicating by a feed-pipe v' with a chamber V2, suitably connected with the supply of liquid fuel under pressure, (not herein shown and which may be of any desired character,) the chamber V2 distributing the fuel to the several vaporizers, as shown in Fig. 1, the coupling V having a threaded nipple n30,

which is provided with a very small bore est, (see Fig. 5,) and onto said nipple the threaded end of the vaporizer-tube V is tightly screwed, said vaporizer having rigidly attached to it a head having a cylindrical portion 3 to tit in the opening in the wall A of the combustionchamber, Fig. 2, the head being made polygonal at v2 to receive the jaws of a wrench. The several couplings V are secured to a supporting-bar 4, and the cross-braces B and B5 are provided with downturned notches 5, Figs. 2 and 7, to straddle the several vaporizers and prevent their lateral displacement, each vaporizer extending in parallelism with and between two adjacent short burner-tubes B2, Fig. 1, the length of the latter being substantially equal to that of the vaporizer, such tubes serving to heat and vaporize the hydrocarbon in the vaporizer. In order to prevent the free passage of the vapor and any of the liquid fuel to the gasitier, I interpose a pervious resistance medium @X between the tubes V and G, such as asbestos liber or any other suitable material which is permeable only by vapor under pressure greater than that due to the vaporization of the oil plus the initial pressure on the oil, and in order to prevent clogging of the passage 2 I have interposed a guard 1:3, made as a conical coil of wire, its base resting against the threads c, and the resistance material @X is packed around the guard, as clearly shown in Fig. 3. The resistance medium not only acts to prevent the free flow of the vapor to the gasitier as rapidly as the fuel is vaporized, thus increasing the pressure of the vapor until it is high enough t0 overcome the resistance of the medium, but it serves to filter the latter and prevent solid particles of carbonized matter from passi ing int-o the coupling C. The resistance medium being impervious to liquid and solid matter and permeable only by vapor under high pressure separates from the vapor generated in the vaporizer all particles of liquid and prevents the passage of any such par' IOO IIO

ticles to the gasitier, so that the vapor enters the latter in a dry condition to be gasified therein. By locating the resistance medium at the outlet end of the gasitier I am thereby enabled to provide a large and substantially unobstructed chamber formed by the main portion of the vaporizer for the vaporization of the liquid fuel therein.

At its outlet end the gasitier-is' threaded at g, Fig. 3, to receive a plug g', havingavalveseat g2 for a needle-valve g3, the threadedv bore g4 of the plug being Iiared at its inner end, and a gland g5 is screwed into the bore g4, the gland at its inner end having an aperture just large enough to permit sliding movement of the cylindrical stem of the needle-valve g3. Between the gland and the tapered mouth of the bore I insert a pervious packing gG-asbestos fiber, for instance-and the gas enters the gland through inlet-ports 8, protected by the packing, the latter affording a resistance to the exit ofthe gas and maintaining the pressure in the gasilier. The needle-valve stem is connected by a con pling 97 with a controlling-rod g8, loosely extended through the bore 2 of the coupling C and projecting into the open space in the vaporizer beyond the guard o3, the rod being threaded at 9 to engage or pass through a threaded hole in a block c2, slotted at 301 to receive a wrist-pin c3 within the chamber 0X, said wrist-pin being mounted on the headed end of a spindle c4, rotatably mounted in a plug c5, which is screwed into and closes the chamber 0X, the spindle passing through a stuffing-box c, screwed into said plug. The slot 301 is transverse to the rod g8, so that circular movement of the Wrist-pin by rotation of the spindle in one direction or the other will operate to move the rod g8 in one direction or the other, the connection between the spindle and the rod being of the wellknown slot-and-pin connection. By rotating the spindle the actuating-rod g8 will be moved longitudinally to open or close the valve g2, and by rotating the rod in said block the valve can be adjusted with great accuracy. The end of the rod is shown in Fig. 3 as threaded at l0 to receive a stop Q9, having its end nearest the coupling C preferably made conical to enter the flared extremity 20 ot the bore 2 and stop the closing movement of the valve, as it is manifest that by adjusting the stop Q9 the valve may be made to just seat itself when the valve-actuatin g mechanism is operated to close the valve, and when the valve is opened of course the stop will be Withdrawn from the end of and will open the bore 2. The adjustable stop prevents the strain of shutting being transmitted to the :needle-valve, the latter thus having to perform only its proper f unction-viz.,the regulation of the size of the gas-outlet at g2, the stop preventing any tendency to force the valve improperly into its seat, such forcing or jamming rapidly Wearing both valve and seat. The end of the plug g projecting beyond the gasitier is inserted with a tight frictional t into the head d of the air-chamber D, a flange l2 on the plug limiting the insertion into the chamber, and the projecting part of the plug is preferably squared or polygonal to be readily engaged by a Wrench. The plug and gland g5, with the packing, can be removed bodily from the gasifier when necessary for cleaning the parts, the needle-valve withdrawing from the gland when the plug is taken out.

I have found that a better and more uniform supply of air is provided and the latter will commingle in a more effective manner with the gas if the issuing jet of the latter is injected into an enlarged closed chamber having an air-inlet non-adjacent to and at one side of the jet, the action being similar to that of an injector, a column of gas and air being forcibly discharged through a contracted outlet-port in the chamber located directly opposite the incoming jet of gas.

I have shown the air-chamber D as cylindrical (see Fig. S) and having a tapering or conical end d, Figs. l and 2, to form a contracted outlet dx, the latter being opposite the gas-delivery opening g2. An elongated airinlet tube d2 is led into the side Wall of the chamber, and herein it is shown as below the gas-inlet and somewhat beyond the latter, said tube d2 communicating With the external air, and I have found it necessary to the proper operation of the apparatus that the air-inlet be tubular and elongated and of materially less cross sectional area than the cross-sectional area of the chamber D. The conical end d has an annular seat d3, which tits tightly into the open end of the mixingchamber M, so that the air and gas escape directly into the said chamber. The mouth of the throat dx is so near the gas-outlet g2 that the jet of gas will rush across the intervening space in the form of a cone, the base of which meets and is contracted by the walls of the throat, adjacent the mouth thereof, filling the latter and tending to create a partial vacuum in the chamber D, whereby fresh air is forcibly draWn into the chamber through the inlet d2 and carried out through the throat by and with the jet of gas, a very uniform supply of air being provided, its quantity varying according to the size of the gas-jet. The gas and air are forcibly discharged into the mixing-chamber M, wherein their mixture is thoroughly completed before passing to the distributer.

l have provided heating means to act directly upon and raise the temperature of the gasiiier sufliciently to rapidly convert the vapor entering from thevaporizer into a pure xed gas free from moisture, the superheating means taking its supply of mixed gas and air from the mixer independently of the distributer or main burner device.

Within the mixer I have mounted a hood H, having its inlet-opening h directly opposite and quite near to the month of the throat bx, and this hood has connected with it two pipes h', which pass through openings in the ends of the air-chamber D and project beyond the head d thereof in close proximity to the gasifler, as clearly shown in Fig. l, and a series of burner-apertures hx are made in the projecting pipes on the sides thereof nearest the gasiiier, the extremities of the pipes or tubes h being closed. The mixture of air and gas as it forcibly issues from the throat of the airchamber will pass into and fill the hood H and the pipes 7L', keeping them filled all the time, the surplus or excess of the mixture passing into the mixer M. lVhen the escaping combustible mixture is lighted at the burner-openings hX, the iiame will impinge directly upon the gasifier G, raising the tem perature of the latter to a high degree and changing the vapor entering therein into a xed gas, and Whether the volume of the mixture ejected from the chamber D is large or small the hood and superheating burnertubes 7L' Will always be supplied with a suffi- IOO IIO

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cient quantity to maintain a superheatingflame for the gasiier.V

When arranging the apparatus to contain a plurality of units, as I have herein shown, I prefer to connect the various air-inlet tubes d2 with a common air-inlet chamber D2, Figs. 1 and2 and see also Fig. 9, extended beneath the main burner-tubes B, said chamber being shown as recessed or horseshoe-shaped below the gasiers, as at 30, Figs. l and 9, to facilitate the removal of any one or more of the gasifiers or vaporizer-s, said chamber D2 being open along its inner end, as at 303, (see Fig. 9,) to admit the air thereto. The several couplings C are secured to upturned ears 40 on a cross-brace 42, extended from one to the other side ofthe apparatus, and which is upturned at its ends, as at 43, (see Fig. 8,) the said upturned ends being sprung into place between the two extreme outside burner-tubes B. The several needle-valves of a multipleunit apparatus must be operated simultaneously, and for this purpose I have provided the lower end of each rotatable rod c4 with an arm cl2, carrying a set scrcw cl3, passed through a segmental slot C14 in a second arm C15, pivotally mounted on the shaft c4. The several arms G15 are connected by a common link o16,l and the latter is pivotally connected, as at c, at any convenient point with an operating-lever cls, fulcru med at 019 on a bracket 020,' depending from the cross-brace 42. All of the set-screws c13 being tightened, it will be obvious that each pair of arms C12 and 015 will move together,and longitudinal movement of the link cw will rotate the several shafts 014 in one direction or the other to close the valves or open them simultaneously.

Frequently some one of the valves will not operate properly, no matter how careful the original adjustment may have been, and it will be necessary to vary the extent of rotation of its particular actuating-shaft c4. In order that such valve shall operate properly and to obviate the necessity of resetting all of the valves, I have provided the adjustable connection between the pairs of arms c12 cw, as by loosening ,the set-screw c13 the arm 012 can be swung a little in one direction or the other relatively to its cooperating arm C15 to provide for the requisite adjustment of that valve, and thereafter the set-screw c13 is set up and the valve operated in unison with its fellows.

By means of the apparatus hereinbefore described I obtain perfect combustion and the flame burns with a clear blue color, no matter Whether the valves are Wide open or closed down sufficiently to permit just enough of the combustible gaseous mixture to pass to the burners to keep them lighted, and the combustion is effected without any disagreeable odor or smoke.

From the foregoing description of the apparatus it will be manifest that it can be readily taken apart when necessary for purposes of cleaning or to remove any accidental obstruction, although by virtue of the pervious resistance medium interposed between the vaporizer and the gasiiier and between the latter and the outlet-opening it is very difficult for any solid particles to pass into the gasiiier or to the valve-plug, Y It will be noticed that I employ no checkvalves or similar devices and that the communication between the vaporizer and gasitier is practically a continuous passage, although restricted; but the passage is uniformly restricted and ,not sometimes closed and sometimes open.

The pressure of the vapor is increased. by the action of the resistance before the vapor is admit-ted to the gasifier, and the fixed gas generated therein is still further increased as to its pressure before escape from the gasifier by means of the superheater, which not only gasiies the vapor, but at the same time increases its pressure by means of such increased temperature.

My invention is not restricted to the precise construction and arrangement of parts herein shown, as the same may be modified or rearranged in various particulars without depart-ing from the spirit and scope of my invention.

y The burner embodying my invention is well adapted for use in automobile vehicles, as the flame can be turned down very low without decreasing the perfect combustion orputting out the re.

To start up the apparatus when cold, the vaporizer can be initially heated by means of a small quantity of alcohol ignited in a trough-like receptacle F, (see Fig. 2,) placed beneath the vaporizer and gasier, and as soon as a sufficient quantity of vapor has been generated to overcome the obstructed entrance it passes into the gasiiier,the normal action of the superheater will begin,and the rapid heating of the whole device be effected.

The small bore or inlet @-32 permits the fuel in liquid form to pass into the vaporizer in sufficient quantity to be substantially vaporized at once, so that no liquid collects in the vaporizer, and the small bore also enables the pressure of the vapor to be raised above that in the main supply-tank Without creating any improper back pressure.

I-Iaving fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In apparatus of the class described, a vaporizer, a gasiier in continuous communication therewith, and a resistance medium located at the outlet end of the vaporizer, impervious to liquid and permeable only by vapor under high pressure, to thereby raise the pressure of the vapor before it can pass to the gasiiier and also to absolutely separate from such vapor all particles of liquid and prevent the passage of any of such particles to the gasifier, whereby the vapor enters the latter in a dry condition to be gasifled therein.

2. In apparatus of the class described, a

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vaporizer, a gasiier, a connecting-coupling having a passage therethrough establishing continuous communication between the vaporizer and gasifier, and a resistance medium located at the outlet end ofthe vaporizer, impervious to liquid and permeable only by vapor under high pressure, to thereby raise the pressure of the vapor before it can pass to the gasier and also to absolutely separate from such vapor all particles of liquid and prevent the passage of any of such particles to the gasier, whereby the vapor enters the latterin a dry condition to be gasitied therein.

3. In apparatus of the class described, a Vaporizer,agasitierin continuous commu nication therewith, by a passage, a guard within the vaporizer at its outlet end, to protect the adjacent end of the passage, and a resistance medium located at the outlet end of the vaporizer, in'ipervious to .liquid and permeable only by vapor under high pressu re, to thereby raise the pressure of the vapor before it can pass tothe gasifier and also to absolutely separate from such vapor all particles of liquid and prevent the passage of any ol such particles to the gasitier,whereby the vaporenters the latter in a dry condition to be gasicd therein.

-L In apparatus of the class describethan elongated tubular vaporizer having an inlet at one end for entrance ot' liquid hydrocarbon, the interior of the vaporizer presenting an unobstructed chamber, a gasitier in continuous communication with the outlet end of the vaporizer, a resistance medium located at the outlet end of the vaporizer, impervious to liquid and permeable only by vapor under high pressure, to thereby raise the pressure of the vapor before it can pass to the gasiiier and also to absolutely separate from such vapor all particles of liquid and prevent the passage of any of such particles to the gasitier, whereby the vapor enters the latter in a dry condition to be gasified therein, and separate means to superheat the gasitler.

5. In apparatus of the class described, a gasitier, a removable plug i-n its outlet having a valve-scat and a tapering bore comm unicating with the seat, a chambered gland mounted in the bore and having an inlet, a valve to cooperate With the valve-seat, a valve-stein extended through and supported by the gland, and permeable packing inserted between the gland and the tapering Wall of the bore of the plug, interposing a iilter to prevent the passage of foreign matter to the interior of the gland through the inlet thereof.

6. In apparatus of the class described, a gasifier, having an outlet, a valve coperati n g therewith, a vaporizer, a coupling connecting it with the gasier and having a passage therethrough to establish communication between the vaporizer and gasitier, a valve-rod longitudinally movable in said passage and extended into the gasitier, a coupling to detachably connect said rod and the stem of the valve, and means to actua-te the valve-rod from the exterior of the coupling connecting the gasitier and vaporizer. l

7. In apparatus ofthe class described, main burners, a vaporzer contiguous thereto, a gasitier in continuous but restricted communication with the vaporizer, means to mix air with the gas discharged from the gasiiier, a distributer connecting the main burners and the mixing means, means to direct asnperheating-flame upon opposite sides ot' the gasier, and independent means to supply-the superheating means with a mixture ot' gas and air.

S. In apparatus of the class described, a gasilier, an air-chamber having a closed end in communication with the outlet-port of the gastier, the opposite end of the chamber being contracted to form a throat, the mouth of which is located directly opposite the gasport, and an elongated tubular air-inlet for the chamber, entering its sidewall between its closed end and the contracted throat, and nearer the closed end, the cross-sectional area ot' the inlet heilig materially less thanthe cross-sectional area of the chamber.

9 In apparatusof the class described, an air-chamber having one end contracted to form an elongated throat, a gas-inlet port in the opposite, closed end of the chamber directly opposite the mouth ot the throat, and an elongated tubular air-inlet for the chamber between its closed end and the entrance to the th roat of materially less cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area of the chamber, the tubular air-inlet opening into the chamber at its closed end.

10. In apparatus of the class described, a cylindrical air-chamber closed at one end and having a gas-inlet in said end, the opposite end ot' the chamber being tapered to form an elongated throat the mouth ot Which is directly opposite the gas-inlet, and a tubular air-inlet opening into the chamber, between the closed end thereof and the flaring opening of the throat, and adjacent the closed end of the chamber.

11. In apparatusof the class described, an air-chamber having a contracted dischargethroat, a gasitier connected with the opposite end of the chamber, the said chamber having an air-inlet in its side, a mixing-chamber into Which the throat extends, a hood in the mixing-chamber, having an opening opposite the mouth of the throat, and asuperheater adjacent the gasier and in direct communication with the hood.

12. In apparatus of the class described, an air-chamber having an outlet and separated gas and air inlets, the gas-inlet being located opposite the outlet, a gasifier connected with the gas-inlet, a mixing-chamber, main burners connected therewith, a hood in said mixing-chamber having an inlet near and opposite the outlet of the air-chamber, to receive air and gas therefrom, and a superheater ad- ICO IIE

jacent the gasitier and comn'iunicating directly with the hood, said mixing-chamber communicating with the air-chamber.

13. In apparatus of the class described, a mixing-chamber, means to inject gas and air thereinto, a hood Within the chamber, having an inlet disposed to receive a lportion of the air'and gas as it enters the chamber, a superheater connected with the hood, and a gasier contiguous to and heated by thesuperheater'and in communication with the injecting means.

14. In apparatus of the class described, a plurality of units each comprising a vaporizer, a gasifier in continuous but restricted communication therewith, a mixing-chamber for air and gas, an air-chamber interposed between the mixing-chamber and the gasier, anda superheater for the latter, communicating with the mixing-chamber, combined with a distributer in communication with the several mixing-chambers, series of long burner-tubes connected at one end with the distributer and arranged in parallelism, and a series of short burner-t ubes connected with the opposite ends of the said long tubes, the short tubes being arranged in pairs adjacent and on opposite sides of the several vaporlzers.

15. In apparatus of. the class described, a plurality of units each comprising a vaporizer, a gasier in continuous but restricted com municaion therewith, a mixing-chamber for air andgas, an air-chamber interposed between the mixin g-chamber and the gasiier, a superheater for the 'latter communicating with the mixing-chamber, and a valve to control the passage of gas from the gasifier to the airchamber, combined with a distributer in communication with the several mixing-chambers, series of long burner-tubes connected at one end with the distributer and arranged in parallelism, a series of burner-tubes connected with the opposite ends of the said long tubes, the short tubes bein g arranged inpairs adjacent and on opposite sides of the several vaporizers, and means to simultaneously open or close the several valves.

16. In apparatus 0f the class described, a common distributer burner-tubes connected therewith, a pluralitj7 oi' mixing chambers communicating with the distributer, a plurality of gasiiers, each having a controllingvalve to govern the issue of gas therefrom to the mixing-chamber, means to operate the valves simultaneously,and an adjustable connection between each valve and said actuating means, whereby any valve may be adjusted independently of its fellows.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

FREDERICK R. WHITE.

Witnesses:

JOHNC. EDWARDs, MARGARET A. DUNN.v 

